伸长细胞促进中枢神经元轴突再生的研究

Study on Tanycytes Promoting Axonal Regeneration in CNS

伸长细胞是中枢神经系统中一种主要位于第三脑室底部腹侧壁和正中隆起处室管膜上的特殊分化的胶质细胞,与局部的脑脊液、血液、神经元均有密切联系,是血-脑脊液屏障、脑-脑脊液神经体液回路和神经-免疫-内分泌网络共同的组成部分,并且参与成年哺乳动物下丘脑内自然发生的轴突再生过程。研究发现,伸长细胞具有促进中枢神经元轴突再生的功能,并有望成为继嗅球成鞘细胞之后又一种用于脊髓损伤修复的移植细胞。对伸长细胞的起源、特性、促进中枢神经元再生的实验研究及可能机制进行综述。

Tanycytes （TAs） are the specialized ependymal glia in central nervous system which locate mostly in the ventral wall of the ventricle Ⅲ and median eminence （ME）. They have close relations with local cerebrospinal fluid, blood and neurons. Tanycytes are the common component of the brain barrier system, brain-CSF neurohumoral circuit and immune-neuroendocrine network. They naturally conduct the axonal regeneration process in the adult hypothalamus of mammal animals. A series of studies have shown that tanycytes can support the regeneration of the lesion axons in CNS and indicated that tanycytes may be a proper substrate for transplanting into injured spinal cord like the olfactory bulb ensheathing cells （OECs）. This review focuses on tanycytes＇ origin, properties, studies in neuroregeneration and the passible mechanisms.