从松树叶中提取精油的研究

Study on the extraction of essential oil from the pine leaves

本文用不同的溶剂从若干松树叶样品中提取了精油,采用GC-MS技术分析了所得精油的化学组成。结果表明,不同产地、不同树龄的松树叶中都含有相同组分:α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、α-异松油烯、醋酸冰片酯、反式-丁子香烯、二环大根香叶烯、α-紫穗槐烯、δ-杜松烯、α-杜松烯。其精油分为3种萜烯类:单萜烯、倍半萜烯、含氧萜烯。当水蒸汽蒸馏时,所得精油中3种萜烯的含量达到92(wt)%以上。但提取法不同所得精油的主要组成发生变化:水蒸汽蒸馏法所得精油中单萜烯含量为57.7(wt)%;乙醇溶剂提取法所得精油中含氧萜烯含量为75.47(wt)%;丙酮与水混合溶剂提取法所得精油中总萜烯含量为55.4(wt)%。

Essential oil has been extracted from the leaves of several pine trees with various solvents and the chemical composition of the essential oil has been analyzed by gas chromatography - mass （ GC - MS） technique. The main constituents were the same in spite of the different growth area and age of the trees and the details were as follows： （- pinene, campene, （- pinene, （- terpinolene, bornyl acetate, trans- caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, （- amorphene, （ - cadinene, and （ - cadinene. The essential oil can be classified into three types; namely monotelpene, sesquiterpene, and oxygenated terpene. When using steam distillation method, total amount of terpenes exceeded 92 wt%. However the major compositions were changed. When the steam was used, the amount of monoterpenes was about 57.7wt%. Ethyl alcohols resulted in the maximum amount of oxygenated terpenes （75.4wt%） and the mixture of acetone and water resulted in the maximum amount of terpenes （55.4 wt% ）.