中国史前农业的发生与发展

The Occurrence and Development of the Pre-historical Agriculture in China

农业的产生是人类历史的重大发展,标志着由攫取经济向生产经济的根本转变,开创了一种崭新的食物获取方式。中国史前农业的产生和发展,可以划分为从萌芽到形成、初步发展、发达、兴盛4个阶段,大体与中国新石器时代的早、中、晚、末期相对应。中国史前农业明显形成南北两大系统,南方是以长江中下游为重心的稻作农业系统,北方是以黄河中下游为重心的粟作农业系统。这是由于气候条件、地理环境、农作物祖本的自然资源以及居民文化背景等多种因素的差别综合作用形成的。中国史前两大农耕系统各自独立起源、并行发展,又发生传播和交流影响。中国史前农业在世界史前农业中占有重要地位。

The occurrence of agriculture is a major development in the history of human, marking a deep - rooted shift from grabbing economy to producing one. The developing process of the pre - historical agriculture in China could be divided into four stages, from budding to formation, initial development, growth and prosperity, which more or less are equivalent to the early, middle, late and ending Neolithic Age. And it was obviously formed into two big systems, one was the millet - grown system with the middle and lower stream of Huanghe River as the center and the other was the rice - grown system with middle and lower stream of Yangts River as the center. This was decided by the climate, the geography and the origin of grains. The pre - historical agriculture in China occupies an important position in the world pre- historical agriculture.