基于脉冲响应的降雨径流模型应用研究

An Application Study on Pulse Response Rainfall-runoff Model

在总结了不同水文模型特点的基础上,阐述了以黑箱方式模拟水文系统的降雨径流响应模型。以总径流响应模型基本理论为基础,分析了建立降雨径流脉冲响应系统的主要相关因素。按照系统建模理论原理,以最小二乘法推导建立了总径流响应方式下的系统算子计算方法,建立了多输入单输出的降雨径流脉冲响应模型。通过该算法可以借助历史资料演算出脉冲响应模型的系统算子值,对算法中设定的时滞因子和增益因子进行了优化筛选,得到可以应用于实际流域计算的计算模型。

This paper summarizes the characteristics of various hydrological models, and introduces the principle of rainfall-runoff response model based on black--box theory. There are two major methods to apply pulse-response model into hydrological simulation. Rainfall-runoff model is a feasible and effective approach for hydrological forecasting in areas without insufficient relevant informa- tion~ Based on the black-box theory, combined with the main characteristics of hydrological process, a Multi-input and Single-out rainfall-runoff pulse response model is constructed using the Least Square Method. Finally, the parameters of the model are identi- fied using historical data, the time-lag factors and gain factors of the model are optimized and decided, and the model is verified with case study.