环境污染刑事案件中严格责任与推定原则问题探讨

Strict Liability and Principle of Presumption in Environmental Criminal Cases

污染环境刑事案件中对于行为人的主观过错以及客观行为与损害后果之间因果关系的认定存在着很大的困难。笔者主张严格责任原则不足取法,但应当采用过错推定原则认定主观过错。同时,在排除有罪推定的前提下,适用环境民事侵权诉讼中的因果关系推定原则,以使污染环境的犯罪能够得到及时有效的惩治,但也要进行严格限制适用。

It is very difficult for us to determine the cause-effect relationship between the doer＇s subjective offence as well as objective behavior and the harmful aftereffect in environmental crime cases. This article holds that strict liability is inapplicable. Instead we should adopt the doctrine of presumptive wrongs to identify subjective offence. At the same time, under the premise of excluding the presumption of guilt, we should apply the principle of cause and effect in dealing with environmental tort cases to punish efficiently and timely environmental criminals. Of course we should strictly limit the application of the principle.