多边比较下的中国制造业国际竞争力研究:1980—2004

Chinese Manufacturing Performance from Multilateral Perspective:1980—2004

本文首次以1997年购买力平价为基础,利用多边比较方法从相对价格水平、劳动生产率、单位劳动成本和国际价格等方面对中国制造业1980—2004年的国际竞争力进行研究。经测算得出:1997年中国制造业各类PPP(购买力平价)接近于3·7元/国际美元。20世纪80年代中期以后,相对价格水平是参与比较的五国中最小的,且逐年下降;单位劳动成本一直在波动过程中下降。80年代,劳动生产率呈现了“没有追赶趋势的快速增长”。但在1992年后,表现出明显的追赶趋势。

For renewing our research in 1998 and providing the results of labor productivity comparison to talk about the problems of RMB exchange rate. This paper first discusses Chinese manufacturing performance from multilateral perspective in 1980--2004. The PPPs, relative price levels, labor productivity, ULCs and international prices in multilateral comparison are used to talk about Chinese manufacturing competitiveness. The PPPs are based on the base year 1997. These results are compared with ones in the base year 1987. The findings are as follows： the various PPPs in the base year 1997 in Chinese manufacturing are approximately 3.7 yuan/intemational dollar. After the middle 1980s, its relative price level is the lowest in all five countries. Furthermore, it has downward tendency, lts ULC is declining since there is some fluctuation. In the 1980s, there was ＂no catch-up rapid growth＂ in its labor productivity. However, after 1992, a new beginning has been made with catch up distinctly, though from a very low level.