内蒙古气候变化特征与草原生态环境效应

Features of Climate Change and Its Impacts on Ecosystems of Grassland in Inner Mongolia

通过分析内蒙古自治区气候变化特征及其对草原生态环境的影响,发现内蒙古气候变化的显著特征是气候变暖,并由此引起无霜期延长,积雪、冰雹、雷暴、大风、沙尘暴日数减少,降水量由少转多的变化,“高纬增温多,低纬增温少”的增温特点是产生这些变化的原因。气候变化一方面使内蒙古草原的生态环境有所好转,另外,也是近几年来蝗虫泛滥的主要原因之一。当前存在的草原退化现象主要应归咎于不合理的人为活动。

The features of climate change and its impacts on ecosystems of grassland in Inner Mongolia were analyzed. A remarkable character of changes in climate discovered was that the climate had wanned up and the precipitation was increased in the Inner Mongolia characterized as ＂more temperature increase in the high latitude region and less increase in the low lat- itude region＂. Due to these changes of climate, the frost-free period was delayed and the probability of snow cover, ice snow, thunderstorm, gale, dust storm and white disaster decreased. These changes made eco-environment of the grassland in Inner Mongolia meliorate. The adverse impact of climate change led to an increased probability of grasshopper in recent years. The grassland degradation impute to the irrational activities of human being.