支气管哮喘与过敏性鼻炎患者对蟑螂变应原特异性IgE反应的对比研究

Comparative Study of Specific IgE for Cockroach Between Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Patients

为比较支气管哮喘与过敏性鼻炎患者对不同种属蟑螂的过敏反应程度,探讨不同种属蟑螂间可能存在的 交叉抗原性及其程度,用ELISA法检测支气管哮喘与过敏性鼻炎患者血清中对三种蟑螂(美洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊 和德国小蠊)变应原的特异性IgE抗体(sIgE)。结果显示支气管哮喘患者对美洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊和德国小蠊变应 原的sIgE阳性率分别为23．5％、16．0％和14．0％,美洲大蠊sIgE阳性率比对德国小蠊为高,有显著性差异(P= 0．015),虽然美洲大蠊sIgE:阳性率比对黑胸大蠊高、黑胸大蠊sIgE阳性率比对德国小蠊高,但差异均无统计学 意义(P=0．060;P=0．575);哮喘患者中美洲大蠊与黑胸大蠊sIgE反应符合率74．0％,美洲大蠊与德国小蠊 sIgE反应符合率73．5％,黑胸大蠊与德国小蠊sIgE反应符合率85．0％。过敏性鼻炎患者对美洲大蠊、黑胸大 蠊和德国小蠊sIgE阳性率分别为24．8％、17．6％和15．8％,美洲大蠊sIgE阳性率比对德国小蠊高,有显著性差 异(P=0．040),虽然美洲大蠊sIgE阳性率比对黑胸大蠊高、黑胸大蠊sIgE阳性率比对德国小蠊高,但差异均无 统计学意义(P=0．106,P=0．658);过敏性鼻炎患者对中美洲大蠊与黑胸大蠊sIgE反应符合率为73．9％,对美 洲大蠊与德国小蠊sIgE反应符合率为75．2％,对黑胸大蠊与德国小蠊sIgE反应符合率为86．1％。过敏性鼻炎 患者对美洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊和德国小蠊sIgE阳性率均比支气管哮喘患者高,但差异均无统计学意义(P=0．764; P=0．688;P=0．638)。提示支气管哮喘与过敏性鼻炎患者对三种蟑螂的过敏反应程度基本相当,三种蟑螂间可 能存在一定程度的交叉抗原性成分。

To compare the degrees of allergic reaction and the cross-reactive allergens for three strains of cockroach（Periplanceta fuliginosa, Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica ） between patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis, the specific IgE（sIgE） in asthma and allergic rhinitis for these three strains of cockroach were determined with ELISA. The results showed that the sIgE positive rates for Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta fuliginosa and Blattella germanica in patients with asthma were 23. 5%, 16. 0% and 14. 8%, respectively. The reactive coincidence rate between Periplaneta americana and Periplaneta fuliginoas was 74.0%, between Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica was 73. 5%, and between Periplaneta fuliginosa and Blattella germanica was 85.0% in asthma patients. The IgE positive rates for Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta fuliginosa and Blattella germanica in allergic rhinitis patients were 24.8%,17.6% and 15.8%, respectively. The reactive coincidencerate between Periplaneta americana and Periplaneta fuliginosa was 73. 9%, between Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica was 75.2 %, and between Periplaneta fuligi nosa and Blattella germanica was 86.1% in allergic rhinitis patients. There was no significant difference between asthma and allergic rhinitis patients although the sIgE positive rates of allergic rhinitis patients were higher than those of asthma patients for these three strains of cockroach. All these results indicated that the degrees of allergic reaction are similar between asthma and allergic rhinitis patients and there are some cross-reactive allergic components among these three strains of cockroach.