不同位置篮球运动员及优秀投手感知觉特征的研究

A Research on the Perceptual Features of Differently Positional Basketball Athletes and Elite Shooters

运用文献资料、心理实验测量和数理统计等研究方法,对61名不同位置篮球运动员的12项感知觉指标进行了比较研究;同时探讨了优秀投手的感知觉特征。结果表明:不同位置篮球运动员的12项感知觉指标中,前锋比后卫的节奏感要强且有显著性差异(P<0.05);前锋、后卫均比中锋有较精确的深度视觉,且达到显著性差异(P<0.05);后卫较之中锋有更强的稳定性,且达到显著性差异(P<0.05)。优秀投手与投篮水平有关的感知觉能力并非全部高度发展,存在相互补偿的作用。优秀投手中存在不同感知觉特征的两类群体,一类群体表现为皮肤两点辨别阈占优势,具有高度发达的触觉知觉;另一类为触觉能力相对较弱。提示:不同位置篮球运动员在训练时有必要加强较弱感知觉能力的培养。

In this study, the methods such as literature, investigating experts, psychology measurements and statistics were applied, 61 Chinese basketball athletes in three different positions were comparatively investigated for 12 perceptual indexes, and the perceptual features of elite shooters were discussed at the same time. The results showed that the forwards were better than the guards at sense of rhythm, and the index was significant difference（P 〈0.05）; The forwards and guards were more accurate than the center forwards at the depth perception, and the index was significant difference（P〈0.05）; The guards were more stable than the center forwards at stability of movement of hand, and the index was significant difference（P 〈 0.05）. Elite shooters perception in relation to shoot level were not all high development, and had mutual compensation functions. Elite shooters possessed two different groups in perception, and one of them had a very highly accurate sense of touch. The paper prompts us that the players in different position should pay attention to weak perception in training, and fully excavate their psychological potentiality.