体能概念辩误与身体训练的内容

Meaning of physical fitness and sports training

体能广义为人体活动时表现出来的所有活动能力,狭义的运动员的体能就是指运动能力。运动能力是指人体的肢体发生运动可以感觉和观察到的各种运动表现的运动水平。运动能力有项目特点。人体的机能能力是指人体不能感觉和观察到的全身组织、器官和系统的机能水平。运动能力取决于机能能力。身体素质的内容,力量是机能能力。速度、耐力、灵敏和柔韧等是运动能力,但都不完整。它把机能能力与运动能力等同并列,没有表明两者是从属关系。它们都是泛指概念,不能为专项运动应该发展哪些运动能力和取决于哪些组织的哪些机能能力提供确切的依据。体能或身体训练的内容是发展专项运动需要的运动能力和相应组织的相应机能能力。只有提高了运动能力才意味着提高了相应组织的相应机能的活动水平,但必须在组织没有发生损伤性适应的情况下,才意味着提高了机能水平。

In general, fitness refers to all the physical activities of which an individual is capable. In a narrower sense, physical fitness means sports ability. And sports ability is the sports related movements which can be measured and observed. Different sports events will have different requirements for sports abilities. Physical attributes refer to an individual＇s bodily structure, organs and internal systems, which cannot be outwardly measured and observed. Physical attributes determine the sports abilities of an individual. Physical abilities include strength;however, there are some who consider strength to be a physical attribute. Other physical abilities, such as, speed, endurance, agility and flexibility, are also sports abilities. The relationship between physical ability and sports ability is not directly equivalent-one is subordinate to the other. These definitions, however, do not provide sufficient basis for determining the standards of physical attributes and sports abilities required in any specific sports event. The purpose of sports training is to develop the sports abilities and physical attributes which are required for specific sports events. And it is only by developing sports abilities that the individual＇s physical attributes can be strengthened;however, this must be accomplished without incurring sports injuries.