弱智学生的智力与适应行为的特征与关系分析

An Analysis of Characteristics and Relationship of Intelligence and Adaptive Behaviour of Students with Mental Retardation

本研究从国内两所特殊教育学校采集了133名年龄在7岁至17岁之间的弱智学生的智力和适应行为的测量数据,经过统计处理,结果发现:随着智力落后程度的加重,弱智学生在智力测验的各个分测验上的发展水平会显著地下降;平均水平较低;学生智力落后的程度越重,其适应行为的发展水平越低;弱智学生的智力与适应行为存在极其显著的相关;弱智学生的智力和适应行为的发展不存在显著的性别差异。建议培智学校的课程设置和课程标准的制定需要针对不同程度弱智学生的认知特点,以适应学生的能力差异,这也是培智学校课程研究必然的方向。

This study adopted testing scores of intelligence and adaptive behavior of 133 students with mental retardation, age 7 - 17 from two special schools for mental retardation. The analysis of the mentioned scores found several meaningful outcomes： students＇ scores on subtest of intelligence decreased according to their level of mental retardation; students＇ scores on adaptive behavior decreased according to their level of mental retarda- tion;pesitive correlation found between intelligence scores and adaptive behavior; no gender differences found of intelligence scores and adaptive scores, The discussion of this study called for changes in school curriculum for mental retardation in response to diverse needs of students along with their level of cognitive ability.