甘蔗茎解剖生理研究Ⅰ.不同品种茎贮藏组织解剖特征及其对糖分的影响

The Studies on Anatomy and Physiology of Sugarcane Stem I.The Anatomical Characteristics of Storage Tissues of Different Varieties and their Effects of Sugar Content

用细胞离析法和冰冻切片技术,研究了10个甘蔗品种的茎贮藏细胞和维管束的解剖特征。甘蔗不同品种茎贮藏细胞体积存在极显著差异。所有品种茎贮藏组织皆有柱状和球状两种贮藏薄壁细胞,高糖品种这两种细胞各约占50%。茎贮藏细胞体积跟蔗糖含量存在极显著负相关、跟锤度存在显著负相关,尤以后期的细胞体积跟蔗糖含量的负相关关系最密切。随着生育期的进展,各个品种的茎贮藏细胞体积逐渐变小,而且有早熟品种变小较快;迟熟品种变小较慢的趋势。不同品种茎维管束密度存在极显著差异,维管束密度与蔗糖含量存在显著正相关,而与细胞体积没有关系。指出茎贮藏细胞小的品种蔗糖含量高、可能是由于茎组织细胞壁、细胞膜和液泡膜的总表面积大,而使吸收面积大,同时茎组织无阻空间大,因而吸收糖量大。说明糖分高低、是受细胞体积大小的影响。细胞体积随生育期的变化速率,也可能影响甘蔗糖分的含量。本研究结果为甘蔗育种提供参考依据。

The anatomical characteristics of stem storage cells and vascular bundles of ten economical varieties of sugarcane were studied using the cell isolation and frozen section techniqes.There were very significant differences in stem storage cell size among various varieties ofsugarcane.The stem storage tissue of all varieties assayed consisted of two forms ofparenchyma cells:one was columnar cell and the other was globular.The columnar cellswere gernerally larger than globular cells.The size of stem storage cell showed highly significant negative correlations with brix and sucrose contint,and especially,the cell size infinal stage showed the most highly negative correlation with sucrose content.As growth periodadvanced the stem storage cells of every variety would become smaller in size,and thecell size of early ripening varieties tended to get small more quickly than those of lateripening varieties did.There were also highly significant differences in vascular boundle density among different varieties.The vascular bundle density showed signigicantly positive correlation withsucrose content,but not with storage cell size.It was suggested that the reason why the varieties with small storage cell had high quality is that they had more total area of cell wall,plasma and vacuole membrane than those varieties with large cell did in the same volumeof stem tissue,and therefore,had high uptake area.The cell size and the rate of itsdecreasing with age could affect sucrose content and the ripening of sugarcane.The resultscan offer a useful reference for sugarcane breeding.