恶性血液病并发肺部霉菌感染14例临床分析

Pulmonary Fungal Infection in Malignant Hematological Diseases: an Analysis of 14 Cases

为了探讨恶性血液病并发肺部霉菌感染的发病原因及其诊断和治疗,对14例患者的临床症状、体征、体温、血常规检查、痰病原学结果、影像学诊断、抗生素及激素使用情况进行了收集和分析。结果表明:14例中有呼吸道症状者11例,7例痰粘稠不易咳出,11例胸片检查可见大小不等的点片状阴影;10例白色念珠菌感染(71.4%),2例曲霉菌感染;8例中性粒细胞<0.5×109/L(57.1%),3例<1.0×109/L(21.4%);对这些霉菌感染病例均用广谱抗生素联合抗感染治疗7天以上;对曲霉菌感染者给予二性霉素B,余12例用氟康唑治疗2周以上;治疗1周内症状改善并消失者6例(42.9%),治疗2周内症状改善并消失者5例(35.7%),3例死亡。结论:恶性血液病合并肺部霉菌感染原因与强烈化疗、中性粒细胞减少、大量广谱抗生素的应用有关,早期诊断较困难,对此临床上应予以重视,及时发现,及时治疗。

The objective of this study was to evaluate the etiological factors, diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary fungal infection in hematological malignancies, 14 cases of malignat hematological disease with pulmonary fungal infection were collected and analyzed. The results showed that 11 out of 14 cases had the respiratory manifestations, sputum was sticky and difficult to be expectorated in 7 cases, X rays in chests showed shadows with features of stigma and sheet in 11 cases, Candida albicans and aspergillus infection were observed in 10 and 2 cases respectively, the numbers of neutrophil were below 0.5 × 10^9/L in 8 cases and below 1.0 × 10^9/L in 3 cases respectively, fluconazol was used for 12 cases and clinical symptoms of 11 cases were improved within two weeks. In conclusion, the occurrence of pulmonary fungal infection in malignant hematological diseases is associated with intensive chemotherapy, decrease of neutrophil counts and using of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the diagnosis at early stage is difficult and clinicians should pay more attention to its clinical and laboratory examinations, and give them therapy in time .