同治、光绪朝如意馆

The Ruyi Guan in the Tongzhi and Guangxu Reign Periods

本文以《内务府造办处各作成做活计清档》为基本文献,以故宫博物院所藏同治、光绪两朝内廷画士的奉旨之作为重要参照,探讨了晚清宫廷绘画机构——如意馆的诸项制度(入值画家的选拔与考核、奖惩与等级、画作的审查与作品格式等),并论述了如意馆绘画的主要功用(纪实、装饰和案头观赏)及其各自不同的绘画风格。

This paper is based on materials which appear in a basic archive of the Imperial Manufactory of the Imperial Household Office titled Neiwufu Zaobanchu gezuo chengzuo huoji qingdang, with particular reference to important imperial instructions provided to court artists in the Tongzhi and Guangxu reign periods, in order to provide insight into the actual institutional organisation of the palace painting workshops in this period. The author also focuses on the various items related to the Ruyi Guan studio in this period (the methods of recruitment and examination of painters, their rewards and penalties, their gradation, the inspection of their work and the mode of these works), as well as describing the major role played by the Ruyi Guan in recording or chronicling events, providing decoration in the palace and supplying works for scholarly appreciation, not to mention the di erent styles of the paintings produced.