应用心率表间接测定的最大摄氧量

Maximal oxygen uptake estimated indirectly with heart rate monitor

目的:利用Polar心率表的体能测试寻找一种间接测定最大摄氧量的简易方法。方法:于2004-05选择北京体育大学运动人体科学学院16名健康男大学生为受试对象。受试者在室温25℃安静的状态下测定前30min休息,保持清醒、静置状态,此时状态下的测定心率即为安静心率。按PolarS810心率表说明书进行测定预测最大心率和健康指数。预测最大心率和健康指数连续测定3次,并对3次测量进行信度分析。受试者在功率自行车上进行递增负荷运动,使用气体分析仪直接测定最大摄氧量。维持转速60r/min不变,功率负荷从60W开始,每3分增加功率30W,直至受试者达到处于最大摄氧量的判定标准状态,即①继续运动后,摄氧量差小于5%或150mL/min或2mL/(kg·min)。②呼吸商>1.10,心率>180次/min。③继续运动时摄氧量出现下降。并对预测最大心率与体质量的比值与实验测定的最大摄氧量进行相关分析,用逐步法建立回归方程,数据用x±s表示,所有指标都进行正态性检验,健康指数和最大摄氧量比较采用配对t检验,显著性水平为P<0.05。结果:16名受试者均完成各项测试,全部进入结果分析。①最大摄氧量与健康指数比较差异有显著性[(45.9±5.7)L/min,(43.9±7.3),P<0.05]②3次预测最大心率的测试值分别为(181.6±3.2),(181.9±3.2),(182.2±3.1)次/min,信度为0.9965,P=0.0178;健康指数的3次测试值分别为(41.0±7.4),(41.5±7.3),(41.8±7.3)L/min,信度为0.9958,P=0.043。说明Polar心率表测量指标信度极高,可重复性好。③预测最大心率体质量比值与最大摄氧量的相关系数为0.541,P<0.05。以最大心率与身体质量之比为自变量,以相对最大摄氧量为因变量,经逐步回归建立的回归方程是y=11.6x+13.8,标准估计误差=5.0,P=0.11。结论:利用Polar心率表受试者在安静情况下就可以间接测定最大摄氧量,所需要的设备少,操作简便。地间接测定最大摄氧量,可用于竞技运动及全民健身时的监测。

AIM： To search for a simple and easy method to estimate the maximal oxygen uptake with Polar heart rate monitor. METHODS： Sixteen male healthy undergraduates in College of Kinesiology, Beijing Sport University were taken to the study during May 2004. The subjects kept the state of relaxation and clean mind and 30 minutes later were taken to test at 25 ℃ room temperature.The heart rate measured in that state of rest was the rest heart rate. According to the manual of Polar S810 heart rate, the maximal heart rate and Ownlndexs were measured during the state of rest for three times continuously and tested by reliability. The subjects were taken to exercise in the cycle ergometer performing increasing load exercise for maximal oxygen uptake with gas analysis machine. The machine kept the speed of 60 r per minute, and the load was from 60 W, and increased 30 W every 3 minutes, until the subjects reached the level of maximal oxygen uptake. That was, （1） after exercising, minus between maximal oxygen uptake was less than 5% or 150 mL per minute or 2 mL/kg per minute. （2） Respiratory quotient （RQ） 〉 1.10, heart rate 〉 180 beats per minute. （3） The maximal oxygen uptake was decreasing when went on exercise. Correlated relationship between the predicted ratio of maximal heart rates/body mass and maximal oxygen uptake estimated by experiment was performed and the regression equation was established step by step, showing with x^±s and all indexes were tested by normality. Comparison of health index and maximal oxygen uptake was conducted with paired t-test, and the significance was P 〈0.05. RESULTS： Totally 16 testees were conducted every test and involved in the result analysis. （1） Maximal oxygen uptake had obvious difference with Ownlndexs [（45.9 ±5.7）L per minute, （43.9 ±7.3）,P 〈 0.05]. （2） Measurement values of maximal heart rate in the 3-time prediction were （181.6±3.2）, （181.9±3.2）, （182.2±3.1）time per minute. The reliability was 0.996 5,P=0.017 8. Measurement values of Ownlndexs in the 3-time prediction were （41.0 ±7.4）, （41.5 ±7.3）, （41.8±7.3）L per minute, respectively and the reliability was 0.995 8, P=0.043. It was indicated that reliability of measurement value of Polar heart rate monitor was high with good reproducibility. （3） Correlated coefficient of the predicted ratio of maximal heart rates/body mass and maximal oxygen uptake was 0.541, P 〈 0.05. Maximal heart rate/body mass was independent variable, and the relative maximal oxygen uptake was dependent variable. The regression equation built by step regression was y^ =11.6 x＋13.8, and the standard estimative error was equal to 5.0,P=0.11. CONCLUSION： Polar heart rate monitor can be used to indirectly measure the maximal oxygen uptake easily under quiet state with few needed equipment and simple operation, which can be applied in the monitoring of competition and nationwide fitness.