内蒙古半荒漠与荒漠区的啮齿动物群落

Rodent communities in desert and semi-desert regions in Inner Mongolia

内蒙古广阔的半荒漠与荒漠区属于典型的大陆干旱区和极干旱区,东西界线基本与气候湿润系数0.2-0.05相吻合,包括了内蒙古境内的温性荒漠草原、温性草原化荒漠和典型荒漠的各类草地。1988-1993年和1998-2003年,在约380000km2范围内,根据地带性植被分布及其地形、地貌、土壤的特征,野外设置317个调查样地,采用铗日法调查啮齿动物群落的分布特征,共布放有效铗日157702个,捕获啮齿动物37种,选用其中的23种主要啮齿动物构成“样方-种多度(捕获率)”原始数据矩阵(23×317),应用快速聚类方法对该区域内啮齿动物群落进行分类,在此基础上采用GIS技术应用ArcView3.2软件,将啮齿动物的捕获量信息在1999-2000年TM卫星影像图上进行叠加,结果表明该地区啮齿动物地带性群落可分为9个。GIS技术分析得出的该区域内啮齿动物地带性群落分布图,很好地将植被的信息和生境中主要啮齿动物分布的信息同时合成反映出来,明确了啮齿动物地带性群落分布的区域和特征,可为区域性啮齿动物综合治理提供科学依据。

The species and abundance, the structure and distribution of rodent communities, and GIS analysis of zone rodent communities were comprehensively studied mainly using the trap-day method in semi-desert and desert regions of Inner Mongolia from 1988 to 1993 and from 1998 to 2003. The regions belonged to the arid and super-arid regions of Inner Mongolia （37°24′ - 44°42′ N, 97°10° - 114°10′ E） including the northwest part of Xilinguole league, the center-west part of Wulanchabu league, the center-north part of Bayenaoer league and the total area of Alashan league. It contained various types of grassland： temperate desert steppe, steppe desert and typical desert. The total of 317 sampling plots were arranged according to characteristics of landform, soil and zone vegetation in an area of 380 000 km^2 , and a total of 157 702 trap-days were completed. We selected 23 principal species to form a calculating matrix （23 × 317） to classify the rodent communities with the fast cluster method into 9 zone communities as follows： Ⅰ . Citellus dauricus ＋ Cricetulus longicaudatus ＋ Eutamias sibiricus community, Ⅱ. Phodopus roborovskii ＋ Cricetulus barabensis ＋ Cricetulus longicaudatus community, Ⅲ. Meriones unguiculatus ＋ Phodopus roborovskii ＋ Cricetulus longicaudatus community, Ⅳ. Allactaga sibirica ＋ Allactaga bullata ＋ Citellus dauricus community, V. Allactaga bullata ＋ Dipus sagitta ＋ Meriones unguiculatus community, Ⅵ. Meriones meridianus ＋ Citellus dauricus ＋ Allactaga sibirica community, Ⅶ. Allactaga sibirica ＋ Allactaga bullata ＋ Dipus sagitta community, Ⅷ. Phodopus roborovskii ＋ Dipus sagitta ＋ Allactaga sibirica community, Ⅸ. Meriones meridianus ＋ Allactaga sibirica ＋ Dipus sagitta community. Based on the above data, the typical habitat type of each one of the 9 zone communities that are defined on vegetation type, with abundance of dominant species of the communities, is comprehensively demonstrated on the map of TM by applied ArcView 3.2 software. The GIS maps of the 9 zone rodent communities are completed on which the information of vegetation and distribution of rodents is showed comprehensively, and the region and characteristic of distribution of rodent zone communities are demonstrated, which can be used scientific basis for regional comprehensive controlling to rodents [Acta Zoologica Sinica 51 （6） ： 961 - 972, 2005].