Review on 209 Congenital Cysts of the Floor of the Mouth

目的:比较1980～2005年在武汉大学口腔医院治疗的89位中国病人和在约旦医院治疗的120位病人三型口底囊肿的临床特点.方法:回顾性分析皮样囊肿、表皮样囊肿和畸胎样囊肿患者的年龄、性别、种族,以及比较两组患者的囊肿位置、大小、就诊时间、手术治疗方法和复发率等方面的差别.结果:209例口底囊肿中,93例(44.5%)男性,116例(55.5%)女性.皮样囊肿66例(31.6%)、表皮样囊肿115例(55%)、畸胎样囊肿28例(13.4%).皮样囊肿、表皮样囊肿多见于头3个10岁年龄组,20～29岁高发,而畸胎样囊肿高好发于10岁以前.约90%的患者无自觉症状.发病后6个月以内就诊者,第1组(43.8%)明显少于第2组(80%).这些先天性囊肿常发生在口底中部.就诊时第1组中囊肿直径大于3 cm 者达48.3%,而第2组中囊肿直径大于3 cm 者仅11.7%.第1组中经口外进路切除病变占58.4%,而第2组为41.7%.141例随访病例的术后复发25例,复发率是17.7%.结论:两组口底囊肿有类似的临床特点,其中表皮样囊肿较常见,畸胎样囊肿的发病年龄较小.手术切除不彻底可导致病变复发.

Objective： This study was designed to compare three kinds of congenital cysts of the floor of the mouth in 89 Chinese patients, who were treated in Stomatological Hospital of Wuhan University, and in 120 foreign patients, who were treated in Jordanian hospitals from 1980 to 2005. Methods： Patients with dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts and teratoid cysts were analyzed retrospectively with regard to age, sex, race, anatomical distribution, size of the cyst, duration of the cyst, methods of surgical treatment and recurrences. Results ： Among 209 patients with these cysts, dermoid cyst had been diagnosed in 66（31.6% ）, epidermoid cyst in 115 （55%）, and teratoid cyst in 28 （13.4%）. The females were more significantly common to have these cysts than males, and the greatest frequency within the third decade, except in teratoid cysts which was of the highest occurrence in the first decade. The cysts with sizes bigger than 3 cm （48.3%） in diameter stand the largest proportion in the first group, only 11.66% in the second group. It was found that the congenital cysts were most commonly diagnosed in the midline. All cases were treated by cystectomy, but the most common way was the external approaches in the first group （58.4%）, whenever the intraorally was most used in the second group （58.3%）. The recurrence rate was 17.7%, namely, all together 25 patients in both groups as a whole. Conclusions： Two groups of cysts affected different populations have similar clinical features. Dermoid cysts are the most common lesions in three types of congenital cysts of the floor of the mouth. Teratoid cysts usually involve children below 10 years. Incomplete excision is associated with recurrence following surgery.