光强对刺参行为特性和人工礁模型集参效果的影响

Behavior characteristics of Apostichopus japonicus and attractive effects of artificial reef models under different light intensities

对体长(15±0.5)cm、体重(145±0.5)g的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)在15 W、25 W4、0 W、60 W白炽灯下以及黑暗条件下(对照组)的行为特性进行观察,同时分析刺参对混凝土制立方体礁(30 cm×30 cm×30 cm)和塔形礁(底面30 cm×30 cm,高30 cm)的行为反应。结果显示,(1)在光照条件下人工礁模型的集参效果与其产生的光学阴影有关;(2)刺参比较适宜在光照度为10 lx以下的光照环境中生活;(3)2种礁60 W和40 W处理组的平均聚集率(MAR)与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。25 W处理组的MAR与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。处理组之间,立方体礁的15W和25 W处理组与60 W处理组相比差异显著(P<0.05);塔形礁的15 W与60 W处理组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。相同条件下,2种礁MAR的差异不显著(P>0.05)。4种灯源对2种礁MAR的影响由大到小依次为:60 W、40 W、25 W1、5 W。[中国水产科学,2006,13(1):20-27]

As a very important environmental factor, light has a lot of ecological functions affecting the feeding behavior, growth and survival of aquatic animals directly or indirectly. It also influences phototaxis, cluster and rhythm activity of aquatic animal day and night. The effects of light color and light intensity on activities of fish and shrimp have been investigated since information for Apostichopus japonicus was reported. In this experiment, the body length of Apostichopus japonicus was （ 15 ± 0.5 ） cm and body weight was （145 ±0.5） g. The cubical reef （30 cm×30 cm× 30 cm） and pyramidal reef （bottom 30 cm×30 cm, height 30 cm）, which were made of concrete, were used as artificial reefs. The intensities of illumi- nation were designed for lamps of 15 W,25 W,40 W,60 W and dark（control）, using incandescent lamps as light sources. The results showed that： （1）The attractive effects of artificial reef models were related to optics shades of the reefs under different light intensities. （2） Apstichopus japonicus were relatively suitable for living in the environment that the light intensity was below 10 lx. （3） Comparing with control, the differences of mean attractive rate （MAR） of the two types of reefs in treatments of 60 W and 40 W were very significant （P〈0.01） and the differences of MAR in treatments of 25 W were significant （P（0.05）. The difference between treatment of 15 W and control was not significant （P〉0.05）. Among treatments of cubical reef, the differences of MAR in treatments of 15 W and 25 W were significant （P〈0.05） comparing with treatment of 60 W. Among treatments of the pyramidal reef, the differences of MAR in treatment of 15 W were significant （P〈0.05） comparing with treatment of 60 W. Under the same condition, the differences of MAR were not significant （P〉0.05） between the two kinds of artificial reefs. The effects of four light intensities on the attractive effects of the two kinds of reefs were 60 W〉40 W〉25 W〉15 W.