5Tony White, Bernard Pagurek. ASGA: Improving the Ant System by Integration with Genetic Algorithms [J].Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, 2001, (11).
6L. Bodin and B. Golden . Classification in Vehicle Routing and Scheduling[J].Networks, 1981,11(2):97-108.
7J. Lenstra and A. R. Ken. Complexity of Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems[J]. Networks, 1981,11(2) : 221-227.
8L. D. Bedin, B. L. Golden, A. A. Assad and M.O.Ball . Routing and Scheduling of Vehicles and Crews [J].The State of the art, Computers and Operations Research, 1983,(10):69-93.
4[1]Tan K, Lee T, Ou K, et al. A messy genetic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time window constraints[A]. Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation[C], 2001, 1: 679-686.
5[2]Ozdemir H, Mohan C. Evolving schedule graphs for the vehicle routing problem with time windows[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation[C], 2000, 2: 888-895.
6[3]Hwang H. An improved model for vehicle routing problem with time constraint based on genetic algorithm[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2002, 42: 361-369.
7[4]Baker B, Ayechew M. A genetic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem[J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2003, 30: 787-800.
8Dusan T. Fuzzy set theory applications in traffic and transportation[J].Europe Journal of Operation Research, 1994,74(2) :379~ 390.
9Dusan T, and Goran P. The fuzzy set theory approach to the vehicle routing problem when demand at nodes is uncertain[J] .Fuzzy Sets and systems,1996,82(2) :307 ~ 317.
10Katarina V, and Dusan T. A fuzzy set approach to the vessel dispatching problem[ J ]. Europe Journal of Operation Research, 1994,76 ( 1 ): 155~164.
9Bullnheimer B, Hartl R F, Strauss C.Applying the ANT system to the vehicle routing problem[C]//Proceedings of 2nd Interna-tional Conference on Metaheuristics, 1999:1-12.
10Bullnheimer B,Hartl R F, Strauss C.An improved ant system algorithm for the vehicle routing problem[J].Annals of Opera- tions Research, 1999,89 ( 13 ) : 319-328.