环境友好舰船及其废物处理技术的进展

The environmentally friendly ship and progress of its waste treatment techniques

为了减轻和消除对海洋环境的污染,20世纪90年代,美国海军作战部长提出了环境友好舰船的概念,其含义是从海军舰船排放的有害废液必须符合各国和地方制订的环境保护法规的要求,以使海军舰船可以在世界各海域不受限制的航行。本文综述了美国、德国和北约国家海军对舰船产生的废物处理技术的开发和研究现状,包括膜生物反应器处理、超滤膜处理、油水分离器、固体废物焚烧系统处理等技术。处理的废物包括灰水(非含油废水)、舱底污水(含油废水)、固体废物和废气。

Since 90＇ s, in order to prevention pollution generated from ships in marine environment, A concept for environmentally friendly ship was suggested by the chief of naval operation in US. The discharge form these ships must accord with laws for environment protection in international, various states and locations ,Therefore naval ships will operate all over the world. In do this, the paper summarize various navies, such as US, German and NATO etc. , now carry out the development and research status of shipboard waste treatment techniques, including membrane bioreactor treatment, ultrafiltration membrance polishing, oil water separator,solids incineration system and so on. Treatment waste consist of graywater（ non -oily wastewater） , bilgewater（oil wastewater） , solid waste and exhaust gases.