长白山国家级自然保护区药用植物资源及其多样性研究

Medicinal Plant Resources and Their Diversity in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve

经过3年的调查研究,报道了长白山国家级自然保护区共有野生药用植物106科333属613种,分别占吉林省野生药用植物科、属、种数的88.21%、69.66%、58.21%.其中珍稀濒危药用植物39种,占长白山区珍稀濒危药用植物总数的63.93%;东北道地药材有19种.多年生草本类413种,占药用植物总数的67.37%;全草类、根类和根茎类最多,分别占药用植物总数的50.08%、16.48%和12.89%.46.10%的种类属于北温带分布区类型.94.29%的种类分布在海拔720～1 000 m的红松针阔混交林中.优势科主要有菊科、毛茛科、蔷薇科等.优势属主要有蓼属和乌头属等.提出保护和开发利用的具体建议.

Based on investigation for three years, the medicinal plants in Changbai Mountain Notional Nature Reserve were studied first in the present paper. 613 species of medicinal plants belonging to 333 genera and 106 families, which accounted for 58.21% ,69.66% and 88.21% of the total species, genera and families of wild medicinal plant resources in Jinlin Province respectively. Of which 39 rare and endangered medicinal plants accounted for 63.93 % of the endangered medicinal plants in Changbai Mountain. 19 species of native medicinal plants in the northeast. 413 species of perennial herbs medicinal plants, which accounted for 67.37 % of total medicinal plants in Nature Reserve. In this area, the medicinal plants of whole plant （herb）, roots, and rhizomes used for medicinal materials accounted for 50.08 % , 16.48 % and 12.89 % of the total number of medicinal plants, respectively. 46.10% of species belonged to north temperate type. 94.29 % of species distributed in Korean Pine broad-conifer mixed forests zone with an altitude of 720 - 1 000 m. Dominant families were mainly Composiatae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, and so on. Dominant genera were mainly Polygonum, Aconitum, and so on. The concrete suggestions of protection and exploitation were put forward.