林业补助与林木补偿制度研究——兼评森林生态效益研究的误区

Study on Systems of Forestry Subsidization and Forest Tree Compensation——Concurrently Discussing the Mistaken Idea of the Forest Ecological Benefits Compensation Study

证伪了森林生态效益补偿研究的2个理论假设:具有正外部性的经济活动需获得补偿,森林生态效益(使用价值)即森林生态价值。说明森林生态效益补偿研究尚缺乏必要的理论支撑。林业补助是政府为鼓励营林生产而对营林活动进行补助的制度设计,其理论基础是利益导向学,即生产要素向投资回报率高的行业流动。林木补偿是政府为了生态安全限制林木所有权行使对林木所有者造成经济损失的一种弥补措施,其理论依据是法理上的既得权说、特别牺牲说及公平负担说。构建林业补助与林木补偿制度替代现行的森林生态效益补偿制度是适应林业生产发展的制度改革。

Two theoretical-hypotheses were studied on forest ecological benefits compensation falsification. The economic activity with external economics needs to be compensated, the forest ecological benefits namely forest ecological value. The studies on the forest ecological benefits compensation lacks the supporting of essential theory. Forestry subsidization is the system designed by government for encouraging the silvicultural production to subsidize the silvicultural activities, its theoretical foundation is that interests are led, namely the factor of production flows to the trade of high rate of return on investment. Forest compensation is a measure of making up for a loss caused by government limit forest tree ownership of forest owner to perform for ecological safety, theoretical foundation are having right theory, fair burden theory, and specific sacrifice theory. Structuring system, of forestry subsidization and forest tree compensation so as to substitute the current forest ecological benefits compensation is a reform that suit the development of forestry production.