环境秩序与环境效率——四论环境资源法学的基本理念

Environmental Order and Environmental Efficiency——the Fourth Comment on the Basic Idea of Legal Science of Environment and Resources Law

和谐是人类的一种理想秩序,包括人与人的和谐和人与自然的和谐两个方面。环境秩序贯穿始终的要求是人与自然的和谐。人与自然和谐强调一种内在的、深层的一致性,它不仅要求主体之间互相配合、合作以及利益分配的合理性,还要求主体人与客体自然之间的融洽和合作。“人与自然相和谐观”是科学发展观和可持续发展观的重要内容,是我国环境资源工作的经验总结和理论成果,它建立在人与自然共生共荣共发展、人与自然双赢的理念上。环境资源法的任务就是建立人与自然相和谐的秩序,把传统的人与自然对立的发展机制改造成为人与自然双重和谐的发展机制;实现环境与经济、人与自然的协调发展。环境资源法学所追求的效率和效益包括环境(生态)效率和效益。环境效率(效益)理念表示环境资源法应该追求经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的最佳统一,追求最高的环境效率。

Harmony,which refers to the one among humans and the one between humans and nature,is an ideal order of mankind.The harmony between humans and nature is an everlasting demand of the environmental order,which emphasizes an inherent and deep consistency.It not only calls for mutual cooperation and rational distribution of benefits among the subjects,but also calls for mutual understanding and cooperation between humans—the subject,and nature—the object.The idea of 'harmony between humans and nature',which is based on the principle of mutual development and win-win relationship between humans and nature constitutes an important part of the concept of scientific and sustainable development.The task of the environment and resource law is to establish the harmonious order between humans and nature,transforming from conflicting developing mechanism to harmonious one.The efficiency and benefit pursued by environment and resource law includes environmental(ecological) efficiency and benefit,which means that the environment and resource law should pursue the utmost unity of economic benefit,social benefit and environmental benefit to reach environmental efficiency at its best.