黄土高原粗泥沙集中来源区治理问题探究

Research on Management of Concentrated Coarse Sediment Source Area of the Loess Plateau

黄土高原地区的多沙粗沙区已建成了8.5万座大、中、小型淤地坝,以吴堡为界,多沙粗沙区的分布是南少北多,而坝库的分布情况正相反,是南多北少,在粗泥沙集中来源区的北部,坝库分布较少。以上情况除了技术方面的原因外,也有规划、政策、认识、投资等方面的原因,需要认真探究。针对多沙粗沙区的粗沙利用、砒砂岩地区筑坝技术、投资不足、兴建大型拦泥库、风沙入河及小水淤大水冲以及“十大孔兑”等问题提出了相应的建议。

85 000 large,medium and small-sized warping dams have been built in the silt-laden and coarse sand region of the Loess Plateau.The distribution of silt-laden and coarse sand regions are more in the north and less in the south taking Wupu as the boundary and the distribution of dams and reservoirs is just contrary of more in the south and less in the north.In the northern coarse sand source region,the distribution of dams and reservoirs is less.Except the technical reasons,it also has the reasons on planning,policy,cognition and investment aspects which needs earnest study.The paper puts forward corresponding suggestions in accordance with the issues of coarse sand utilization of silt-laden and coarse sand region,dam building techniques in feldspathic sandstone region,insufficient investment,building large-scale debris-retaining reservoirs,sediment blown into rivers,siltation in a dry year and scouring in a wet year.