希夏邦马峰东坡冰川与冰川湖泊变化遥感监测

Monitoring Glaciers and Associated Glacial Lakes on the East Slopes of Mount Xixabangma from Remote Sensing Images

1977—2003年的遥感影像显示,希夏邦马峰东坡的冰川在迅速退缩,而其相应的冰川湖泊在迅速增大.南部的吉葱普冰川每年的退缩速度57 099 m2,冰舌退缩48 m.a-1,相应的卢姆池米冰湖面积增加速度大约为79 048 m2.a-1;北面的热强冰川退缩速度在63 224 m2.a-1,冰舌退缩71 m.a-1,相应的扛西错冰湖面积增加约73 425 m2.a-1.从这两个冰湖的类型和变化分析,认为其具有发生冰川湖泊溃决洪水的潜在危险.

The remote sensing images from 1977 to 2003 have shown that the glaciers on the East slopes of Mount Xixabangma were retreating, while the associated glacial lakes were increasing rapidly. The Jicong Pu Glacier and Reqiang Glacier decreased about 57 099 m^2 and 63 224 mz in area, 48 m and 71 m in length per year, respectively, while the Glacial Lake Lumu Chimi and Glacial Lake Gangxi increased 79 048 m^2 and 73 425 m^2 in area, respectively. The dams of the tow lakes are terminal moraines, which means the lake dams are quite unstable. It is expected that the two glacial lakes have the potentiality of glacial lake outburst flood, and should be investigated in detail. Additionally, several possible mitigation measures for reducing glacial lake outburst flood were discussed and proposed.