被子植物胚乳自主发生的分子机理研究进展

Research Advances about Molecular Mechanism of Non- fertilization Endosperm Initiation

双受精是被子植物的一个有效的进化策略,增加了胚和种苗成活的机会,其中胚乳在胚以及种子发育中至关重要.然而极少数进行无融合生殖的被子植物,它们的胚乳可以在假受精或不受精的情况下克服基因组印记效应的影响且正常发育.拟南芥胚乳自主发生突变体及相关基因的克隆,使人们可以研究和比较自然和突变植物胚乳自主发生的分子机制.本文着重介绍基因组印记对有性生殖和无融合生殖植物胚乳发育的影响,分析和讨论近年来发现的有关胚乳自主发生的基因如MEA,FIS2,FIE,MSI1和PHE1及其可能的作用机理.

As an effective evolution strategy of angiosperms ,double fertilization can enhance the survival of the embryos,seeds and seedlings in which endosperms play a key role in the development of seeds and embryos. However,a small minority of angiosperms that perform apomixsis can overcome the effect of genomic imprinting to normally develop its endosperms without fertilization or with false fertilization. The successful cloning of the Arabidopsis thanliana mutuants of non-fertilization endosperm formation and their re- lated genes has made it possible to compare the molecular mechanisms of non-fertilization endosperm initiation in regular and mutant plants. The paper mainly focuses on the effects of genomic imprinting on sexual and apomixsis reproductions,and analyzes and discusses about the genes （such as MEA ,FIS2,FIE,MSI1 and PHE1） that have been found to relate to non-fertilization endosperm initiation in recent years.