地球静止卫星精密测定轨技术的现状及发展

Analysis on Current Techniques in Tracking and Orbit Determination for Geostationary Satellites

介绍并分析了针对地球静止卫星的各种高精度测定轨跟踪技术.指出测距系统的校正误差是常规测距跟踪网定轨在沿迹方向和法向的主要误差源,为保证一致的卫星三维位置解算精度,应利用高分辨率的角度观测约束信息来有效地降低测距偏差对轨道确定的影响,或者利用天地基联合定轨的低轨卫星运动几何在轨道改进的同时精化测距偏差.

Several individual and combined techniques including BRTS, VLBI, CEI and GPS are presented and analyzed for tracking and orbit determination for geostationary satellites. It is indicated that range calibration bias of BRTS is the prominent error source in orbit determination of GEO, magnifying it in both along-trajectory and normal direction components. Augmented with precise angular restrictions from VLBI or CEI, orbit determination accuracy is much less sensitive to the uncertainty of range bias of BRTS. In TDRSS, favorable observation geometry of motions of LEO has the advantage of improving accuracy of orbit determination for LEO as well as GEO satellites, and range bias can be calibrated on a regular basis.