威慑与矫正——论法律对医疗事故的预防作用

Deterrence or corrective: how can the law prevent medical malpractice?

医疗事故应当“以防为主”。法律对医疗事故的预防作用主要有两条思路:一是传统的过错责任体系,强调对于个别医生的威慑,促使其提高注意力标准从而避免医疗事故;二是正在研究的“无过错补偿制度,”其关注的是整个医疗行业,试图矫正现行的医疗体制,利用制度的记忆来避免医疗事故的发生。由于无过错责任真正从根源上探寻医疗事故的原因,所以它将是有效的预防措施。但是要实现无过错机制的预防功能,必须建构起相应的配套制度,从而从根本上降低医疗事故的发生率。

Prevention should be emphasized in the field of medical malpractice. There are two ways by which the law prevents medical malpractice. One is the traditional fault liability system, which emphasizes on the fault of individual doctor. The other is no fault compensation, which imposes responsibility upon the entire industry in order to correct medical system nowadays. Institutional memory can learn how such injuries occur and how to avoid them. No fault compensation is an effective prevention measure because it tries to find out the original reason of medical malpractice. To realize the prevention function, relevant systems should be established, so that the medical malpractice rate be reduced ultimately.