回归自然,诗意生存——论生态批评的内涵构建

Returning to Nature and Living Poetically——On the Theoretical Construction of Ecocriticism

在西方,“自然”(Nature)一词有两种基本含义。在古希腊和中世纪,主要指“本性”;到了近现代,主要指“自然事物的总和”,即“自然界”。从“自然”一词词义重心的转移可以看出,在西方近现代,“自然”的“本性”含义被“自然界”的含义所代替。这标志着一个重大的观念转变。伴随着“自然”一词“本性”含义的逐渐丧失和人们对于自然之本原的无穷追问,人的自然天性也逐渐丧失,从而导致人性危机。人性危机导致人的精神危机和文化危机,使人产生物欲膨胀价值观、科技至上发展观和人类中心主义宇宙观等理念误区,最终导致了自然生态危机。因此,生态批评应把回归人的自然天性,弘扬生态文化、树立生态意识以及建设人的精神生态、诗意地生存这三个方面作为自己的批评内涵。

In western world, the word “nature” possesses two meanings. In ancient Greece and middle ages, it mostly means “typical qualities and characteristics”. While in modern period, it mostly means “the universe”. From the transference of the meaning of the word, we can see that the word nature＇s meaning “typical qualities” has been replaced by its meaning of “universe”, which marks a great change in concept. With the loss of the word＇s meaning “naturalness”, and the limitless exploration of the origin of “nature”, the human nature has also gradually lost. The loss of human nature results in cultural crisis and spiritual crisis, and eventually in ecological crisis. Therefore, ecocriticism should take the following contents as its theoretical construction： returning to human natute; promoting ecological culture, and establishing ecological consciousness; constructing human＇s spiritual ecology, and establishing a kind of poetical lifestyle.