对两种意义上的人类中心主义的批评

Critiques of Anthropocentrisms in Two Meanings

在环境伦理学的研究中一个重大的、令人困惑的问题就是关于人类中心主义和非人类中心主义的争论。到目前为止,人类中心主义可以被区分为五种形式:宇宙论的、目的论的、认识论的、生物学的和价值论的人类中心主义。宇宙论的和目的论的人类中心主义是已解决问题,而价值论的人类中心主义也被人们认为是可以讨论的,但是,认识论的人类中心主义和生物学的人类中心主义却被看成是不可反驳的。本文认为这两种意义上的人类中心主义,不仅是可以讨论的,而且也同样是可以被反驳的。

One of the big, perplexing questions in the environmental ethics is the controversy between anthropocentrism and nonanthropocentrism. Anthropocentrism, up to now, has been divided into five types： cosmological, teleological, epistemological, biological and axiological anthropocentrisms. Cosmological and teleological anthropocentrisms are solved problems, and axiological anthropocentrism can also be discussed in the study of environmental ethics. However,epistemological and biological anthropocentrisms are both regarded as the anthropocentric perspectives which cannot be disproved. This paper argues that the last two types of anthropocentrisms, just as cosmological, teleological and axiological anthropocentrisms, can be not only discussed but also disproved.