大球盖菇1号的选育和应用研究

Selection and application research of Stropharia rugoso-annulata Farlow et Murrill.variety Daqiugaigu No.1

对采摘到的野生大球盖菇经组织分离提纯,选育了大球盖菇1号.经与福建引进品种进行3年的对比试验和子实体品质分析表明,该品种产量和品质显著高于福建引进品种.研究了菌龄、透气性、温度对大球盖菇1号菌丝生长的影响和大球盖菇1号菌丝在稻草、麦秆、玉米秆、甘蔗渣、荞麦壳、竹渣等农作物残留物作培养料上的适应性,以及大球盖菇1号的播期试验.结果表明,菌龄越短,菌丝生长速度越快;采用具有良好透气性的封口物,能显著地加快大球盖菇菌丝生长速度;在温度为25～30 ℃条件下,菌丝生长速度最快,35 ℃时,菌丝停止生长;采用稻草等6种单一原料,在不添加任何辅料的情况下,大球盖菇菌丝皆生长良好;9月中旬、10月中旬、11月中旬、12月中旬4个时期内均可以栽培大球盖菇,但9月栽培风险大,管理不慎易造成失败.

In light of the present situation that there is no Stropharia rugoso-annulata strain developed in Sichuan province and that the introduced strain cannot adapt to the climate and environmental conditions in Sichuan, breeding on Stropharia rugoso-annulatawas conduct- ed and one strain that meets the requirements was selected. Experiment was conducted for three years to compare the selected train with the introduced one from Fujian province. The result showed that the selected Daqiugaigu No. 1 strain can produce higher mushroom yield than the introducedvariety （CK） and the quality is also better than the introduced one. In order to promote the popularization of this variety, the effect of spawn age, air permeability, temperature on the mycelial growth speed was studied. In addition, different sowing date experiments in field were conducted. The mycelium was cultured under room temperature on 6 kinds of crop residues including rice straw, maize straw, wheat straw, sugarcane residue, buckwheat hulls and bamboo residue without any supplements with the moisture content be- ing 70 % - 75 % to test the adaptability of this variety. The results showed that the younger the spawn age was, the faster the mycelial growth was; bottle cover material with good air permeability is favourable to the myeelial growth; the mycelium grew best under the temperature between 25 to 30 ℃ ; six crop residues could be used solely as substrate to culture Strophada rugoso-annulata mycete without supplements of any other materials; Stroptlaria rugoso-annulata variety Daqiugaigu No. 1 could be grown in the four sowing dates , but it was at higher risk when sown in September.