健康意识模型对肺结核患者健康意识及规范服药的影响研究

Effect of Health Awareness Model on the Health Awareness and Standardized Medication of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

目的了解肺结核患者的健康意识和健康行为之间的关系,尤其是对规范服药的影响。方法根据“健康意识模型”(HBM),自行研制了肺结核患者调查表,对25例结核病患者进行定性问卷调查。结果规范服药和不规范服药的患者均未意识到肺结核的易患性。不规范服药的患者患病时症状严重,但担心的事情较少,认为规范服药的收益只有能尽快恢复健康,在治疗过程中意识到的障碍较少,在治疗前后信心指数没有增加。而规范服药的患者有更多的担心,说明意识到肺结核的严重性会导致规范服药。他们意识到规范服药的收益也多于不规范服药的患者。他们意识到的障碍多,能更好的面对长期的治疗,有更多的思想准备。在治疗的前后规范服药的患者信心的指数随着服药时间越来越多。结论文中成功地运用HBM中部分内容研究了肺结核患者健康意识和DOTS治疗的关系,并提示医护人员应该特别注意接待患者的态度,让患者了解疾病相关知识,并注重健康教育及其方法。

Objective To understand the relationship between health awareness and health behaviors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, especially the effect of standardized medication. Methods A qualitative questionnaire was used to interview 25 tuberculosis patients. Results None of the surveyed patients recognized their susceptibility to contract tuberculosis （TB）. The patients with no standardized medication tended to have more severe symptoms, but less worries than the patients with standardized medication, believing the only benefit from standard medication was a quick recovery. They were aware of a few obstacles during treatment, and their confidence in recovery did not increase. In contrast, the patients with standard medication had more worries, which shows that recognizing the seriousness of TB can lead to standardized medication. They were aware of more benefits about standard medication than patients with no standard medication, but also aware of more obstacles, so that they were ready to face the long treatment course, and as the medication course got longer, their confidence become greater and greater. Conclusion Medical staff should pay more attention to their attitudes to patients, let them know the relative knowledge of diseases, and pay attention to the health education and its methods.