重审官僚制:理性化假设与实践困境

Newly Investigate Bureaucracy: Rational Hypothesis and Practical Dilemma

韦伯创立的官僚制是一种追求既合理又合法的理想化模式,在他看来,合理性存在着两种形式,即工具合理性和价值合理性,他的官僚制理论正是附魅于工具合理性而祛魅于价值合理性的一种理论形态和制度设计,从而导致实践中出现了与其最初设想的背离。在行政环境飞速变化的现代社会,要对理性官僚制进行救治就应从其源头着手,从韦伯的理性化官僚制理论入手,为工具理性祛魅,对理性官僚制给予人文回护,但在为工具理性祛魅的同时,又应当避免陷入另一个误区———为价值理性附魅,二者应是不可偏废的。

The bureaucracy put forward by Webber appears to be an ideal style in pursuit of being reasonable and lawful. In his opinion, there exist two forms in reasonableness： tool reasonableness and value reasonableness. His theory of bureaucracy was a kind of theoretical form and systematic design based on tool reasonableness but dispelling value reasonableness bureaucracy, which, as a result, gave rise to the unexpected situation with what had been designed initially. With rapid changes of the administrative circumstances in today＇s society, the work on rational bureaucracy should be set out from Webber＇s theory so as to dispel evil spirits for the tool reasonableness and protect the rational bureaucracy, meanwhile, enclosing evil spirits, another long- standing mistaken idea, has to be avoided.