田径与球类运动对脑干听觉诱发电位的影响

The Influence of Track、Field and Ball Game on Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential

探讨田径与球类运动对脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)各指标的影响,以将其用于运动训练的机能学评价.采用NDI-200(海神号)神经电检诊仪对体育系田径专项(n=76)和球类专项(n=49)学生以及普通系学生(n=50)的脑干听觉诱发电位进行记录分析并进行横向比较研究.结果表明:与普通系学生相比,田径专项学生BAEPⅢ波、Ⅴ波的潜伏期,Ⅰ～Ⅲ波、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波的峰间期显著延长(P＜0.05);球类专项学生BAEPⅢ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期,Ⅰ～Ⅲ波、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波的峰间期显著延长(P＜0.05).与田径专项学生相比,球类专项学生BAEPⅢ波的潜伏期显著延长(P＜0.05).田径和球类专项学生的听觉反应时较普通系学生显著缩短(P＜0.05).球类或田径运动可使BAEPⅢ波和Ⅴ波的潜伏期及Ⅰ～Ⅲ波和Ⅰ～Ⅴ波的峰间期显著延长,可能表明长期的球类或田径运动可提高上橄榄体的信息加工处理能力,使上传至大脑的听觉信息更准确、清晰,以便大脑皮层对传入的听觉信号能更加及时、快捷地做出相应的反应,且球类运动的影响较田径运动更加明显.

To discuss the effect of the sports of track,field and ball game on every index of brain stem anditory evoked potential （BAEP） and to apply it to the assessment of sports practice. The BAEP of the students of tract and field（ n = 76） ,ball game（n = 49） and the common major（ n = 50） were recorded and compared transversally by the neural electricity tester of NDI - 200. Result showed that comparing with the students of common majors, the peak latencies of Ⅲ , Ⅴ and the inter peak latencies of Ⅰ - Ⅲ、Ⅰ - Ⅴ of the students of track and field major prolonged obviously （ P 〈 0.05） .The peak latencies of Ⅲ ,Ⅳ, Ⅴ and the inter peak latencies of Ⅰ - Ⅲ ,Ⅰ - Ⅴ of the students of ball game major prolonged obviously （ P 〈 0.05）. Comparing with the students of other majors, the students＇ auditory reaction time of tract,field and ball game majors was shortened obviously（ P 〈 0.05） .The fact that the sports of track,field and ball game can prolong the BAEP Ⅲ, Ⅴ （PL） and Ⅰ- Ⅲ , Ⅰ - Ⅴ （IPL） obviously shows that the sports of track, field and ball game can improve the information - processing ability of the superior olivary complex and makes the auditory information inputting to the brain more accurately and clearly so that the cerebral cortex can take correspording reaction to the inputted auditory information more timely and quickly and the effect of the sports of ball game is more obvious than that of the sports of track and field.