由形式主义和功能主义的差异看理论与研究方法的关系

形式主义和功能主义是两种不同的语言观,它们在理论研究上有不同的侧重点,在研究方法上也有各自的特点。本文主要对比了形式主义和功能主义在产生背景、研究对象、理论目标、理论本质和研究方法等方面的诸多差异,并籍此来说明不同的语言学理论必然采用不同的研究方法与之相适应,而采用不同研究方法得出的研究结果反过来制约着理论研究的发展方向。这就是理论与研究方法的相互制约关系。

Formahsm and Functionalism are two major schools in linguistic studies, each with specific study focus and methods, This paper, based on the comparison between Formalism and Functionalism in terms of their background information, the study object, the ultimate aim, and the nature of the theories, illustrates objectively their major differences and suggests the corelationship between the theory of a specific linguistic school and the methodology adopted in the school.