宋辽金俗文学交流若干事实的文学史意义

The Exchange of Balladry during the Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties: Some Facts and Their Significance in Literay History

《蓬蓬花》、《异国朝》、《四国朝》、《六国朝》、《蛮牌序》等辽代歌曲流行于北宋末的汴京,它们是宋辽俗文学交流的缩影。宋辽俗文学交流的历史可溯源于契丹与五代的文学交流。辽代俗文学的发展,为北曲的产生奠定了基础。宋金俗文学交流始于金灭北宋。金院本在吸收、改造了宋杂剧的艺术成分后,最后发展成元杂剧;而宋杂剧在南方的发展则是融入南戏或自然消亡。因此,元曲和元杂剧的形成,本质上是宋辽、宋金之间俗文学交流的结果。

The popularity of such Liao ballads as Pengpeng Flowers, Yiguo Chao（ Salute from Foreign Countries）, Siguo Chao（ Salute from Four Countries）, Liuguo Chao（ Salute from Six Countries）, Manpai Xu（ Prelude in Exotic Tune） in the capital city of Bianjing in the late Northern Song Dynasty forms a miniature of the exchange of popular literature during the Song and Liao Dynasties. This exchange can be traced back to the period of Qidan and Wudai and the development of popular literature in the Song and Liao Dynasties paved the way for the arrival of the Beiqu（the Northern Tunes）. The exchange of popular literature between Song and Jin began when the former was conquered by the latter. The Yuanben of Jin Dynasty eventually evolved into the Zaju（Vaudeville） of Yuan Dynasty after absorbing and transforming the artistic ingredients the Zaju of Song Dynasty; while in the south, some of the Zaju blended with the Nanqu（ Plays in the Southern Genre） and others went extinct naturally. In conclusion, the Yuanqu and Yuan Zaju, in essence, are the result of the exchange of popular literature between Song and Liao as well as Song and Jin.