不同水肥条件下春小麦耗水量和水分利用率

Effects of water and nitrogen condition on water consumption and water use efficiency of spring wheat

通过温室盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤水分和施氮量条件下春小麦的耗水量和水分利用率等相关参数的变化情况。结果表明:春小麦耗水量、生物产量及经济产量均因土壤水分和施氮量的不同而变化。水分充足,春小麦耗水量、生物产量及经济产量均随施氮量的增加而显著增加;中度水分胁迫下,低氮处理的耗水量、生物产量及经济产量均最高,最适氮处理与CK处理接近;干旱条件,低氮与CK处理耗水量和产量接近,而最适氮处理则极显著降低。各生育时期的耗水量和日耗水量在不同生育时期存在差异,其中以灌浆期春小麦日均耗水量为最高。在不同土壤水分条件下,春小麦地上部分干重和籽粒的水分利用效率随施氮量的增加而增加,尤以水分充足条件下水分利用率随施氮量的增加最为显著。

With pot experiment, the water consumption, water use efficiency （WUE） and yields （biomass and grain） of spring wheat were investigated under different water and nitrogen fertilizer levels. The results showed that the effects of water and nitrogen fertilizer on the water consumption, WUE and yields of spring wheat were remarkable. Under sufficient water condition, the water consumption and yields increased with the improvement of nitrogen supply; under mid water condition, the water consumption and yields of low-N treatment was all the highest, and those of high-N treatment were close to those of CK; under drought condition, the water consumption and yields of low-N were close to those of CK, and those of high-N were decreased significantly. There were differences of cumulative water consumption and daily water consumption among different growth stages, and the daily water consumption in filling stage was the highest. Under different water conditions, the WUE of overground dry matter and grain were increased with the increase of nitrogen application, and this effect was much significant under sufficient water condition.