高留麦茬的整体效应与配套技术研究

Overall Effect of Highly-Left Wheat Stubbles and Its Perfection Technique

１９９１～１９９３年，在邹西平原潮土耕地采取小区试验与大区示范相结合，研究了小麦高留茬的效应与技术。结果表明，高留麦茬具有抑制田间杂草，节省中耕灭茬用工；平抑地温，保墒抗旱，减轻水土流失；增加土壤有机质积累和养分含量，改善土壤结构；促进作物增产等效应。高留麦茬３０ｃｍ还田后增施占麦茬量１．１％的Ｎ素化肥，３年平均增产玉米１１．７％，增产小麦７．８％，纯收益较低茬（５ｃｍ）增加１２６１．５５元／ｈｍ２。高留麦茬的配套技术主要是留茬高度和方式，配施氮磷化肥，注意防治病虫等。

Plot experiments in combination with field demonstration were conduct-ed to study the effect of highly-left weat stubbles and its technique in wet cultivatedfarmland on Zotixi plain in the years of 1991～1993.The restilts indicated that the high-ly-left wheat stubbles had such good effects as inhibiting weeds in the fields, savingwoekdays in hoeing and eliminating stubbles,levelling land temperattire,conserving soilmoisture for drought-resistance,lessening water and soil losses,increasing organic mat-ters and acctimulating ntitrients in soil,improving soil strticture aidpromoting crop yieldincrease. The highly-left wheat stubble(30cm in height)returning to the fields ac-counted for 1.1%of N fertilizer applied to wheat fields. Average corn yield increase inthree vears was 11.7%,and wheat.7.8%,and net income increase was 1261. 55 ytian/hm2 higher than that in low-stubble(5cm)wheat fields. The perfection technique for hi-hglyleft wheat stubble is the height and ways of left sttibbles in matching with N and Pfertilizer application and attention paid to the control and management of diseases andinsect pests.