略论炭素科学的形成和进展——Ⅳ.气相炭化机理研究的历史和现状

A BRIEF NOTE ON THE FORMATION AND PROGRESS OF CARBON SCIENCEIV. HISTORY AND MODERN STATE OF RESEARCHES ON THE GAS-PHASE CARBONIZATION MECHANISMS

详尽地评述了由烃类高温气相热解形成的热解炭生成机理的研究发展史。本世纪初法国贝特洛和德国波恩等对热解炭生成机理持不同的学术观点。此后,直到30年代初,众多的国际知名学者相继在这一方面开展研究工作,并对表面炭沉积理论增添了新的内容。50年代初,贝特洛的气相聚合论和波恩的表面直接分解论之争重又挑起,前者的代表为美国葛利兹代尔,后者代衣为俄国戴斯涅耳。最后金尼于50年代中后期的经典工作将两种意见统一成完整的理论。本文还简述了炭黑生成机理的各种理论,指出了目前占主导地位的理论观点。

The history of advances of researches on the formation mechanism of pyrolytic carbon during high-temperature gasphase pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is thoroughly reviewed. The history was originated from two sharply contrasting viewpoints between Berthelot and Bone et al. at the beginning of the century. From that time up to the early thirties a large number of world-known investigators successively worked along this direction and enriched the theory of surface carbon deposition. The dispute between these two views, i. e. , Berthelot's 'gas-phase polymerization theory' and Bone's 'surface direct decomposition theory', was raised again in the early fifties, the representative of the former theory was Grisdale, andthat of the latter theory--Tesner. The classical works by Kinney in the mid and latefifties united the above two contrasting viewpoints into and unified and complete theory. The various theories about the carbon black formation are briefly reviewed and those theories that situate in the leading position in the modern carbon community are also indicated.