全程深施肥对水稻产量形成及稻米品质的影响

Effect of Deep Application of Fertilizer in the Whole Growing Period on Yield Formation and Quality of Rice

以超级稻东农423为试验材料,设全程深施肥、全层施肥、表层施肥及无肥4个处理,研究水稻生长发育的动态变化,包括分蘖消长、叶绿素含量、叶面积指数和干物质积累量动态变化,并对产量及其构成因素、稻米蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量和味度值进行了比较。结果表明:1)全程深施肥方法能够促使水稻生育前期平稳生长,后期优势生长,延长有效分蘖期,增加有效分蘖数,提高叶绿素含量、叶面积指数和干物质积累量;2)各处理的产量和稻米蛋白质含量间均达极显著水平,并呈现全程深施>全层施>表施>无肥的趋势;各处理的直链淀粉含量、味度值之间均达极显著水平,并呈现无肥>表施>全层施>全程深施的趋势;3)全程深施肥能够提高水稻的产量、穗数、每穗粒数和蛋白质含量,却降低了结实率、千粒重、稻米直链淀粉含量及味度值。

By using a super-high yielding rice variety Dongnong 423 as material, the effect of four kinds of fertilizer application methods was studied based upon the investigation on some characters of growth and development in rice, including tiller number, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index, amount of dry matter accumulation in plant, and yield and its components, as well as protein content, amylose content and taste meter value of rice. The four fertilization methods were deep application in the whole growth period （DAF）, incorporating into all soil layers （IAF）, surface application（SAF） and no fertilization（NF）. The DAF treatment could prolong the duration of effective tillering, increase leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index and amount of dry matter accumulation in plant compared with the other three methods. There were significant differences（P=0.01） in grain yield and rice protein content （DAF〉IAF〉SAF〉NF）, and in amylose content and taste meter value of rice（P〈0. 01 ） （ NF〉 SAF〉 IAF〉 DAF）. Under DAF treatment, the grain yield, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle and rice protein content were increased, however, the seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, amylose content and taste meter value of rice were decreased compared with the other three treatments.