聚集效应、劳动力市场分割与城市增长机制的重构——转轨时期我国农村劳动力转移的一个新古典模型的拓展

The Cluster Effect,Division of Labor Market and Restructuring of City Growth Mechanism——A General Neoclassical Model about the Rural Labor Migration to City in Transitional China

文章从经济中的劳动力市场存在着异质性、部门经济增长存在着聚集效应以及农村劳动力收入分配服从平均主义原则的假设出发,构建了一个解释二元经济城市增长机制的拓展的新古典一般均衡模型,并据此对我国现阶段城市化进程的基本规律及未来的演变进行了深入分析。文章认为,我国城市化过程的基本表现形式是农村劳动力向城市的转移,而这种转移将在城市正规部门与非正规部门两个不同的层次上同时进行。在一段时期内,城市正规部门的发展将决定农村中高素质劳动力的转移速度,而城市非正规部门的发展则决定了农村中低素质劳动力的转移速度。但从长期看,城市化进程的速度将取决于城市正规部门和非正规部门中具有聚集效应的那一部分经济的发展速度,而且更有意义的是,具有聚集效应的城市非正规部门的发展还将在极大程度上影响我国农村高素质劳动力向城市的转移和我国城市化层次的提高。

Considering the hypothesis of the heterogeneity in labor market,cluster effect in different economic sections and the average distribution principle in rural areas, we construct a general equilibrium model to explain the city growth mechanism about the dual economy to discuss current citizen process and future development in China. On the basis of our results,we argue that the main feature of Chinese citizen process is the rural labor migration to city. The cluster effect could be a vital factor for cities to affect the speed and quality of rural labor migration and affect Chinese citizen process quality as well.