不同宪政秩序下的转轨路径与转轨绩效——“北京共识”的内涵与应用

Transition Way and Transition Efficiency in Different Constitutional Order——The Content and Application of "Beijing Consensus"

文章从对“北京共识”的认识出发,认为对于发展中的转轨经济国家,转轨中的制度选择对转轨的绩效至关重要,各国应该结合各自的国情,走适合自己的发展道路。文章设计了一个公共选择模型以解释各国间转轨效益的差异。转轨的成本不仅取决于经济考虑,更取决于政治的因素。政治选择影响新制度安排的效率,因此与转轨成本正相关。中国在转轨中选择了宪政平滑变迁的方式,这可在短期内化解转轨的经济体制成本和政治体制成本问题。

This paper argues that it is quite important for transitional countries to choose transition way to achieve a good transition efficiency and work out the develop mode after the analysis of “Beijing Consensus”. We set up a public choice model to explain the transitional efficiency in various countries and find that the transitional cost is determined not only by economic factors, but also by political factors. Political choice affects the efficiency of new system arrangement and is positively related to the transitional cost. On its way to transition, China chooses smooth change in the constitution,which could solve the problems related to economic cost and political cost in the short term.