“在”“自由者”之间——黑格尔“对立之统一与和谐”思想再思考

Among "Free Men"——Rethinking of Hegel's thought of "unity and harmony of opposites"

辩证法曾经作为认识世界与社会斗争的指导方法,在过去的几十年中,兴盛一时。然而随着时代的变迁,辩证法似乎要被打入冷宫。但实际上,黑格尔辩证法拥有其哲学自身的理路,对于它,庸俗泛滥的理解固不可取,简单的抛弃也非科学的态度。辩证法不是处世的小计谋,而是生命的大智慧,即是实现自由的方法和道路。在对自由的理解上,康德因其揭示了自由的先验来源而功不可没,然而,黑格尔的辩证法却使自由从康德的“天国”回到了“人间”,“对立统一”就是要使自我在他者中实现自身的自由,使自由成为存在于他者之中的现实;自由与必然的关系,不是自我对异己的消耗,而在异己中保持住自己,它既成全了自身,也成全了他者。在这个意义上,辩证法是要让人在天地之间找到自身的位置。

As a method to understand the world and as a leading idea of class conflict, dialectic had been in full flourish.for many years. But with the change of the ages, it seems to be gradually disregarded. After making a study of Hegel＇s dialectic in Germany classical philosophy context, this paper draws out the author＇s own viewpoint. Hegel＇s dialectic has its reason in his philosophy itself. It should not be comprehended as an empirical method. Dialectic is not a sort of trick but a real wisdom for life. It is the way to realize freedom. Although Kant revealed the transcendental origin of freedom, because of its radical formalism, it lacks the base to carry it out in the reality. On the contrary, Hegel＇s dialectic lets spirit itself realize the freedom in the otherness, and this kind of freedom is not just in a fancy but in actual existence. The relation between necessity and freedom is not to destroy things totally, it is to retain itself in the opposition. From this point of view, dialectic is to make everything go back in itself.