人格与财产的关系——兼论法国民法的“总体财产”理论

The Relationship between Personality and Property

罗马法以财产和地域为基础的身份人格,人的伦理价值被排斥于人格的构成之外,罗马法上的“财产”之享有,乃是“人格”享有之标志。在古典自然法学说和理性主义思潮的影响下,人的理性与价值得以在实在法中成为人格的基础,财产要素在人格基础上被摒除。较之于法国民法总体财产的“财产能力”或者“财产权利能力”本质而未能扬弃强烈的人格的伦理性,德国民法中的权利能力彻底张扬了人格的权利载体意义,并且为民法的发展创造了至关重要的条件。从而可以说,财产、伦理要素从人格中不断剥离正是人格平等的历史进程。那种将财产作为人格要素的认识,乃是以否定人格平等的近代法律的基本价值作为代价的。

Status personality under Roman law is based on the property and terrain and the ethical value of person is excluded from the structure of personality. Anyone who has the property under Roman law has the personality. Affected by doctrine of classical natural law and rationalistic thoughts, the basis of personality on positive law is not property but reasoning value of person. Right capacity on German law expresses the means of personality as the harbor of right to the core and create the extremely important condition for the development of civil law, but the patrimoine on French law , the nature of which is property capacity, cannot discard the ethic of personality. Accordingly we can say that the peeling of the element of property and ethic off from the personality just is the historical course and the opinion that property is the element of personality is at a cost of the denial of modem essential value that personality is equal.