论刑法解释中的词义分析法

Semantic Analysis Methods in Criminal Law Interpretation

词义解释是刑法解释的基础,只有理解了词义才能掌握语篇的意义,而词义只有在语篇中才能得到正确理解。词义分析法包括语素分析法、多义词辨析法和同义词分析法。语素分析法是词义解释的基础,进行语素分析时,应正确确定构词方式,搞清语素义和词义的关系。辨析多义词时应搞清楚多义词的意义,区别其语文意义和规范意义,并在上下文和语境中确定多义词不同的规范意义。辨析同义词的方法有训诂法、替换法和义素分析法。每种方法都有其价值和局限性,应该把各种方法结合起来。

Semantic interpretation is the foundation of the criminal law interpretation. Only by understanding the meaning of words can we grasp the meaning of the whole text, and the meaning of words could be understood correctly only in the text. The semantic analysis methods include morphemes analysis method, polysemants differentiation method and synonyms analysis method. The morphemes analysis method is the foundation of the semantic interpretation. So while analyzing the morphemes, we should confirm the word- building way correctly, clarify the relationship between the meaning of morphemes and the meaning of words. While differentiating the polysemants, we should make clear the mean- ing of them, distinguish their philological meaning and normative meaning, and confirm their different normative meanings in the context. The synonyms analysis methods are composed of critical interpretation of ancient texts method, alternate method and sememe analysis method. As each kind of method has its value and limitation, these various kinds of methods should be combined.