多种组织移植修复组织缺损与功能重建

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION IN REPAIRING TISSUE DEFECTS AND FUNCTION RECONSTRUCTION

目的探讨游离组织移植在组织缺损修复与功能重建中的临床应用效果。方法2001年11月~2004年9月,应用14种78块组织瓣游离移植和(或)组合组织移植,修复四肢与颌面部组织缺损和功能重建69例。其中男53例,女16例,年龄18~56岁,平均31岁。部位:足踝部皮肤缺损5例,小腿皮肤缺损22例,手部、前臂皮肤缺损和手指再造36例,尺、桡骨缺损3例,面部肿瘤切除致软组织缺损2例,下颌骨及口底皮肤缺损1例。开放创面55例,其中感染创面16例,骨髓炎及化脓性关节炎6例;无菌创面14例。皮瓣切取范围2.0cm×1.5cm^43.0cm×12.0cm,骨移植长度10~15cm。均为择期手术,其中延期组织移植8例。结果术后发生动脉危象2例,静脉危象2例。移植组织全部成活76块,部分成活2块,行皮片移植后愈合。修复创面期愈合52例;期愈合13例,愈合时间20~30d;化脓性感染4例,愈合时间3~11个月。指再造骨愈合时间6~8周,腓骨移植骨愈合时间4~6个月。修复后功能、外形均满意,各种组织移植供区无功能障碍。结论组织移植与组合组织移植可使复杂创面修复一期完成,且效果好,虽风险较高,仍是修复足、小腿、面颈、手部组织缺损和功能重建的一种较理想方法。

Objective To explore the clinical effect of different types of free tissue transplantation on repairing tissue defects and reconstructing functions. Methods From November 2001 to September 2004, 14 types of free tissue transplantation and 78 free tissue flaps were applied to repairing tissue defects and reconstructing functions in extremities and maxillofacial region in 69 cases. Of the 69 cases, there were 53 males and 16 females （their ages ranged from 18 to 56, 31 on average）. Five cases were repaired because of skin defects in foot, 22 cases were repaired because of skin defects in leg. 36 cases were repaired as the result of skin defects in hand or forearm and finger reconstruction, 3 cases were restored by virtue of ulna or radius defects, and 3 cases were repaired in maxillofacial region. There were 55 cases of open wound, in which 16 cases were infectious wound, 6 cases were osteomyelitis or pyogenic arthritis. There were 14 cases of non-infectious wound. The area of these tissue flaps ranged from 2.0cm×1.5 cmto 43.0cm×12.0 cm. The length of bone transplantation ranged from 10 cm to 15 cm. Results Arterial crisis occurred in 2 cases, venous crisis occurred in 2 cases. Seventy-six flaps survived completely and 2 flaps survived partially which were later healed. Fifty-two cases were healed at stage Ⅰ , 13 cases were healed at stage Ⅱ （healing time ranged from 20 to 30 days）, purulent infection occurred to 4 cases（healing time ranged from 3to 11 months）. Bone healing time ranged from 6 to 8 weeks in finger reconstruction. Bone healing time ranged from 4 to 6 months in fibula transplantation. The function reconstruction and appearance were satisfying. The functions of all regions, where free tissues were supplied, were not disturbed. Conclusion Tissue transplantation and composite tissue transplantation are effective in repairing tissue defects and reconstructing functions.