1[1]Dan B. Dobbs, The Law of Torts, West Group, 2000.
2[2]Restatement of Torts, 2nd, §46. Outrageous Conduct Causing Severe Emotional Distress (1) One who by extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another is subject to liability for such emotional distress, and if bodily harm to the other results from it, for such bodily harm.
3[3]§46. Outrageous Conduct Causing Severe Emotional Distress(2) Where such conduct is directed at a third person, the actor is subject to liability if he intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress(a) to a member of such person's immediate family who is present at the time, whether or not such distress results in bodily harm, or(b) to any other person who is present at the time, if such distress results in bodily harm.
4[5]参见Supreme Court of California In Bank. 1989. 48 Cal.3d 644, 771 P.2d 814, 257 Cal.Rptr.865.
5[6]参见Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1980. 84 N.J. 88,417 A.2D 521.
6[7]参见Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, 1987. 534 A.2d 1282.
7[8]参见831 P2d 1197 (Cal. 1992).
8[9]参见Supreme Court of California, 19 Cal.3d 441, 563 P.2d 858
9[10]参见Court of Appeals of California, Fifth Appellate District, 170 Cal. App.3d 975, 216 Cal Rptr 581
