战后日本大学入学考试制度的变革及其启示

The Reformation and Enlightenment of University Entrance Examination System in Japan after the World War Ⅱ

二战后,日本曾实行过4种大学入学考试制度。纵观其变革过程,日本的大学入学考试制度具有注重考试的服务功能、大学决定权、考试形式多样化、考试机会复数化等显著特征,并呈现出入学制度弹性化与多样化、开放化以及加强和改善升学指导等若干发展趋势。这些对有效解决我国高考中存在的高考指挥棒问题、统一考试与体现特色问题以及加强升学指导与招生工作信息化问题等都有较大的借鉴价值和启示意义。

After the World War Ⅱ, there were four university entrance examination systems which were put into practice in Japan. Take a wide view of its reformation, it has four marked characteristics： pay more attention to the service function of the examination, universities make the final decision, diversification of the examination form, plural chances of the examination. And it has some development trends： the system of university entrance becomes more flexibility and more diversification, and more opening, strengthen and improve the guidance of entering university, etc. These give us much enlightenment to the reformation of university entrance examination in China, such as the problem of the baton of university entrance examination, harmony of uniform examination and embodying the characteristic of universities, and strengthen the guidance of entering higher school and informationization of recruiting students.