我国湿地保护中的利益冲突研究

Research on Interest Conflicts Existing in China's Wetland Protection

湿地生态系统是具有很高生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的地球三大自然生态系统之一。我国政府通过建立湿地自然保护区对保护湿地资源做了大量工作。然而建国至今,我国天然湿地资源减少了60%之多。湿地生态系统在被我们利用的同时也遭受着人类的破坏,这既有人类对该系统认识不足的原因,更有在湿地保护与利用中存在着错综复杂的利益关系,由此导致的现行保护政策失灵等原因。该文从我国湿地资源的减少情况、湿地生态系统的社会经济特点、湿地保护中存在的各种利益冲突等方面进行了论述,并提出了形成和谐的湿地保护格局的可行性对策和建议。

Wetland ecosystem has high ecological,economic,and social benefits for human beings.It is noe of the three natural ecosystems on the earth. The Chinese government has done a great deal in protecting wetland resources,such as establishing wetland nature reserves. With the rapid development of social economy, however, over 60% of natural wetland resources have disappeared since 1949. The destruction of wetland is caused partly by our insufficient understanding of the functions of this system and partly by the protection policy failure in harmonizing complex interests existing in the use of wetland. In this paper, the authors first analyze the status of wetland resources in China, the socioeconomic characteristics of wetland, and interest conflicts concerning wetland, and then put forward some suggestions as countermeasures for promoting the formulation of harmony in wetland protection.