铁路地区乙型肝炎流行特征及危险因素研究

Study on Risk Factors and Epidemiological Features of Hepatitis B Virus in Railway Area

目的了解铁路地区乙型肝炎流行特征及危险因素。方法对5307例健康体检人员和2000例住院病人进行问卷调查,乙肝病毒(HBV)检测用ELISA法,统计学处理用SAS软件完成。结果铁路地区HBV感染率20.2%。列车(服务)员、铁路司机、不良卫生习惯、皮肤粘膜损伤、吸烟/饮酒嗜好、未接种乙肝疫苗与HBV感染显著相关,增加发病危险性;而35岁以上成年人、女性、普通工人则为保护性因素;HBV感染呈单位集中性分布。结论强调监测、监控、卫生科普知识宣教、乙肝疫苗接种等预防为主的综合性防治措施。

Objective To find out the epidemiological features and risk factors of Hepatitis B Virus in railway area. Methods 5307 health examination professionals and 2000 patients in hospital were studied by questionaire method. HBV was detected by ELISA and data were treated statistically by SAS software. Results The infection rates of HBV in railway area were 20.2%. It was found that railway attendants, drivers, bad living habits, injuring of skin and mucosa, smoking and drinking, non vaccination of Hepatitis B vaccine were risk factors of HBV. This markedly increased the risk of catching HBV. It also showed that adults over 35, sex, average workers were protecting factors of HBV. Conclusion It was important to ensure vaccination of Hepatitis B to be used widely and to carry out medical surveillance and comprehensive prevention.